Do Business Well

A corporation is owned by its stockholders. There may be one stockholder holding all the shares, or there may be millions of shareholders holding various amounts of shares. Without going into details that are far beyond the scope of a business this size, I should point out that it is also possible for corporations to sell various classes of shares with various rights and preferences. For the very small business, we can limit our discussion to two types of simple corporations: the regular, or “C” corporation, which is taxed directly by the IRS; and the “Sub S” corporation, where the earnings are passed through to the stockholders, who must pay the tax personally.

Both of these forms limit the financial exposure of the owners to their actual investment and any value in the corporation beyond that investment. This is the single greatest advantage of a corporation. However, the shareholders can lose this protection if they don’t completely separate the affairs of the corporation from their own personal affairs. They must also be certain that the amount of the original investment is clearly adequate to protect the public and the vendors from the likely activities of the corporation. Continue Reading »

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Here are two examples of what can happen. Let’s say that you currently own your own home, which is worth $150,000, and it has a mortgage of $70,000. You also have stocks and other holdings worth $25,000. You intend to open the business with your savings of $20,000. After six months in business, you decide to close down due to continuous losses. You are out of cash and owe suppliers $40,000. You signed a lease that has eighteen months to go at $500 per month. You also failed to pay employee tax deposits of $10,000.

Your vendors, the landlord, and the government will go after your home, stock, and anything else that isn’t nailed down to collect the $59,000 you owe. And they will have every legal right. Continue Reading »

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BOOK VALUE

Each month or quarter you should be determining the company book value. This is the net worth figure on your financial statement. It’s the difference between your total assets and total liabilities using all the rules of accounting and taxation. As you’ll see, this has very little to do with the actual worth of your company.

LIQUIDATION VALUE

You would only rarely want to sell a successful business for less than liquidation value. You might do so to provide continued employment for loyal staffers, or some types of deals might include your continued employment or the receipt of certain royalties unrelated to the sale price. You arrive at the liquidation value by adjusting each asset to take into consideration its real value, as opposed to its book value. Next, you adjust liabilities to account for any amounts that aren’t going to be realized. Finally, there’s a cost of liquidation. Let’s look at all three for some examples: Continue Reading »

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Now that you’ve determined whom you want to addressyour business plan to, you need to consider what—and howmuch—that audience really wants to hear. Fred Gibbons of Software Publishing Corp. says that he intentionally kept his business plan to a maximum of ten pages because he knew that venture capitalists appreciate conciseness and brevity. And, indeed, he received compliments (not to mention offers of financing) from each of the three venture capital firms he presented the plan to. He was also able to show the same plan to potential suppliers and key employees because, in addition to being easy to read, it emphasized the company’s plans for aggressive sales and marketing that would lead to substantial but controlled growth. Continue Reading »

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